Shin splints is the term used to describe  small tears in the leg muscles where they are attached to the shin bone. There can be a number of causes of this problem.

POSSIBLE CAUSES
Over-pronated (flat feet) this can lead to increased stress on the lower leg muscles during exercise. People with high arched feet can also experience shin splint discomfort because this foot type is a poor shock absorber.
Incorrect footwear
Imbalance of muscle length and/or muscle strength
Over training, especially if done on a hard surface

SYMPTOMS
Pain or ache around the shin area
Swelling around the muscle

If a muscle imbalance, poor running form, or flat feet are causing the problem, a long term solution will involve a stretching and strengthening program and orthotics that support the foot and correct over-pronation.

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